Published May 5, 2026 | Version 1.0.0

Detection of frictional meltwater on snow surface using a humidity indicator

  • 1. Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria
  • 2. Research Center Snow, Ski and Alpine Sport, Innsbruck, Austria
  • 3. Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria & Research Center Snow, Ski and Alpine Sport, Innsbruck, Austria

Description

The experiments were performed at the snow lab of the Research Center Snow, Ski and Alpine Sports at the University of Innsbruck (Austria) on a linear tribometer with 18 m sliding surface length (Hasler et al., 2016). A cross-country ski (Salomon LAB WC Equipe 10 Skate, 192 cm) was moved at a sliding speed of 15 m/s. The normal load was 430 N taking into account half the weight of the skier during XC skiing. On three different days we performed experiments with different snow temperatures. First day with snow temperature -1 °C, the next day with -3 °C and then on the third day with -5 °C. The attached data files include video recordings captured with a Sony 4K camera (resolution: 1920 × 1080, frame rate: 50 fps), as well as infrared videos acquired using an IR camera (model TE-EQ1, Thermal Experts, Korea) with a resolution of 384 × 288 pixels.

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Additional details

Funding

FWF Austrian Science Fund
Development of an evidence-based model of ski–snow friction FP364890