Supplementary Material for Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles: enhancing the ability of endolysins to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

Description

Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials show promise in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm from implants. Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) are cationic antimicrobials that can be bioengineered to improve the targeting of persisters and drug-resistant bacteria. However, these molecules can be degraded before reaching the target and/or present limited efficacy against biofilm. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve their potency. Herein, PGH–polyphosphate nanoparticles (PGH–PP NPs) are formed by ionotropic gelation between cationic PGHs and anionic polyphosphate, with the aim of protecting PHGs and delivering them at the target site triggered by alkaline phosphatase (AP) from S. aureus biofilm. Optimized conditions for obtaining M23–PP NPs and GH15–PP NPs are presented. Size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy imaging confirm the nanoscale size. The system demonstrates outstanding performance, as evidenced by a dramatic reduction in PGHs’ minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, together with protection against proteolytic effects, storage stability, and cytotoxicity towards the Caco-2 and HeLa cell lines. Time-kill experiments show the great potential of these negatively charged delivery systems in overcoming the staphylococcal biofilm barrier. Efficacy under conditions inhibiting AP proves the enzyme-triggered delivery of PGHs. The enzyme-responsive PGH–PP NPs significantly enhance the effectiveness of PGHs against bacteria residing in biofilm, offering a promising strategy for eradicating S. aureus biofilm.

Context and methodology

• This dataset  was created on the frame of NanoBioRS project European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie IF [NanoBioRS-101025065].
• This dataset corresponds to raw data underlying the publication Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles: enhancing the ability of endolysins to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
• This dataset was generated through experimental work focused on the development and characterization of drug delivery systems, and the effect of such delivery systems on the viability of staphylococcal biofilm triggered by alkaline phosphatase

Technical details

• For naming the samples comprising peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH) coated with polyphosphate (PP), a logical system was applied and was maintained across all the publications related with this dataset. 
• This dataset can be opened using Microsoft Excel, a part of the Microsoft Office suite
• This dataset was published and is associated to a DOI

Further details

• For further reference, please read Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles: Enhancing the Ability of Endolysins to Eradicate Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm